By the time the surviving soldiers (minus their commanding officer, who went missing in action en route and was never recovered) managed to struggle on foot and in small, disorganized groups around the frozen reservoir or directly across the ice to Hagaru-ri, they numbered only 670, and only half of them were fit for duty. Smith, benefiting from aggressive intelligence operations, knew the Chinese had massed around his division, but Almond did not share his alarm. Information for Permanently And Totally Disabled Veterans.
Napalm, a form of jellied gasoline, would be dropped on enemy troops, causing tremendous and horrific damage. New York Times Article
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While U.S. tanks and artillery provided the troops a great advantage, it also meant they were trapped to follow a winding single lane road. Webmaster Note: I find the paragraph Starting wih "Both the FBI and the CIA", most interesting. Extracts From a Letter of 17 December 1950 From the Commanding General, 1st Marine Division, to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chosin veteran remembers ‘The Bridge
to the large amount of information to be added to this page, it will be a ongoing
Marine veteran Martin Overholt recalls, ''I remember being very tired. Chosin Trailer Film, The Ghost Armies of Manchuria
A group of U.S. Marines pose for a photo with their cold rations in front of the air evacuation strip at Hagaru-ri.
As concern over Communist aggression rose, President Truman sent troops to South Korea, stating that it was necessary for America’s security.
General 1st Marine Division), General Edward M. Almond (X Corps Commander)
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The battle's main focus was around the 78-mile long road that connects Hungnam and Chosin Reservoir, which served as the only retreat route for the UN forces. Twelve thousand men of the First Marine Division, along with a few thousand Army soldiers, suddenly found themselves surrounded, outnumbered and at risk of annihilation at the Chosin Reservoir, high in the mountains of North Korea. Col. Douglas B. Drysdale, 41 Independent Commando, Royal Marines, in addition to service and headquarters troops, included a Marine infantry company, an army infantry company, and Drysdale’s British raiding battalion.
The remainder (162 officers and men) died or became captives. One-third of the force (tanks and infantry) fought through to Hagaru-ri, and another third fought its way back to Kot’o-ri.
Song’s army group (12 divisions in 3 armies) numbered 150,000 soldiers—mostly infantry with mortars and machine guns but not much artillery, since the Chinese lacked guns, shells, and trucks and feared UNC air strikes on road-bound columns.
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In the last week of November the Ninth Army Group launched simultaneous division-level attacks on the 1st Marine Division at Yudam-ni, Hagaru-ri, and Kot’o-ri and on Task Force MacLean east of the reservoir. Due
The strip was of vital importance to the Marines, and allowed for thousands of wounded men to be air lifted to hospitals in Japan.
McKinley. After two brutal nights of attacks, the U.S. Marines west of the reservoir began organizing their breakout towards Division Headquarters, 14 miles south. Men From Chosin"
Taken Behind Enemy Lines On Special Ops Missions, List
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The only real misstep in the defensive battle was a decision by Smith and the 1st Marine Regiment commander, Col. Lewis B. Still, Mao found the X Corps too tempting a target to resist, and the Chinese believed they had found an effective formula for fighting the UNC: stealth, nighttime attacks, ambushes, local surprise, and superiority in numbers. American planes controlled the skies, and used it to their advantage.
Of the 25,000 of our troops who faced the 120,000 Chinese at Chosin, 6,000 were killed, wounded or …
Task Force Drysdale, commanded by Lieut. "The fighting at the Chosin Reservoir was the most violent small unit fighting in the history of American warfare.
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