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Pure germanium is a semiconductor with an appearance similar to elemental silicon. Next Section » Comprehensive data on the chemical element Germanium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Germanium. Winkler named the element as germanium for the country of Germany. First proposed to exist by Dmitri Mendeleyev in 1871. It has an atomic number of thirty-two and has a high luster at room temperature. Electrical resistance is expressed in Ohms. Germanium Trivia . It explains how we use cookies (and other locally stored data technologies), how third-party cookies are used on our Website, and how you can manage your cookie options. Transport of thermal energy in solids may be generally due to two effects: Copyright 2020 Periodic Table | All Rights Reserved |. Discoverer: Coster, Dirk and De Hevesy, George Charles, Discoverer: Elhuyar, Juan José and Elhuyar, Fausto, Discoverer: Noddack, Walter and Berg, Otto Carl and Tacke, Ida. Germanium also has the unusual property that (like water) it expands as it freezes. 1) You may use almost everything for non-commercial and educational use. Germanium is not present in its pure elemental form and mostly extracted from its zinc ore (sphalerite) and from ores of copper, silver and lead. Like germanium, the planet Neptune had recently been discovered from predictions from mathematical data. Germanium. al. Mendeleev theorized that there were several elements yet to be discovered, including element No. Germanium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. But his table had a number of prominent gaps. The name semiconductor comes from the fact that these materials  have an electrical conductivity between that of a metal, like copper, gold, etc. Germanium, a chemical element places between silicon and tin in Group 14 of the periodic table. A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows the flow of electric current. Visit my page about element collecting for a general description, or see photographs of all the samples from the set in a periodic table layout or with bigger pictures in numerical order. A hard, grey-white, lustrous and brittle metalloid acts in properties between metals and nonmetals. Mendeleev predicted the existence of Germanium in 1871 as ekasilicon, and the element was discovered by Winkler in 1886. (1969), Discoverer: Scientists at Dubna, Russia (1967)/Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (1970), Discoverer: Armbruster, Paula and Muenzenberg, Dr. Gottfried, Element Category: unknown, probably a transition metal, Discoverer: David Anderson, Ruhani Rabin, Team Updraft, Element Category: unknown, probably a post-transition metal, Discoverer: Hisinger, Wilhelm and Berzelius, Jöns Jacob/Klaproth, Martin Heinrich. Insulators, on the other hand, are made of a wide variety of materials depending on factors such as the desired resistance. Use the buttons above to change your view of the periodic table and view Murray Robertson’s stunning Visual Elements artwork. Uses: The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor. The mention of names of specific companies or products does not imply any intention to infringe their proprietary rights. Analysis indicated the sample – a rather rare mineral called argyrodite – containe… Model ChemLab - A Virtual ChemLab Free Trial Software Available: Name: Germanium Symbol: Ge Atomic Number: 32 AtomicWeight: 72.610000 Family: metalloids CAS RN: 7440-56-4 Description: A greyish white metalloid (semi-conductor) State (25 °C): Solid Melting Point: 1211 °K Boiling Point: 3106 °K Density: 5.323 g/cm 3 Oxidation states: +2,+4 Electron Configuration: [Ar] 3d 1 0 4s 2 4p 2 Germanium atoms have 32 electrons and 32 protons with 4 valence electrons in the outer shell. This is a lustrous, hard, silver-white, metalloid that is chemically similar to tin. Each entry has a full citation identifying its source. The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm-metre (Ω⋅m). Our germanium page has over 240 facts that span 97 different quantities. Germanium. Germanium is unaffected by alkalis and most (except nitric) acids. Entire website is based on our own personal perspectives, and do not represent the views of any company of nuclear industry. Four other elements expand when they freeze; silicon, bismuth, antimony and gallium. Visualize trends, 3D orbitals, isotopes, and mix compounds. Extremely pure germanium crystals are obtained through a technique termed as zone refining which produces semiconductor grade germanium with an impurity of 1 in 1010. The forces of chemical bonding causes this repetition. Discoverer: Priestley, Joseph and Scheele, Carl Wilhelm, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Strutt, John (Lord Rayleigh), Discoverer: Del Rio, Andrés Manuel (1801) and Sefström, Nils Gabriel (1830), Discoverer: Lecoq de Boisbaudran, Paul-Émile, Discoverer: Ramsay, Sir William and Travers, Morris, Discoverer: Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm and Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert, Discoverer: Perrier, Carlo and Segrè, Emilio, Discoverer: Reich, Ferdinand and Richter, Hieronymus, Discoverer: Müller von Reichenstein, Franz Joseph, Discoverer: Ramsay, William and Travers, Morris William, Discoverer: Kirchhoff, Gustav and Bunsen, Robert. It is similar in properties to the other metalloids near it in the periodic table which are silicon and arsenic. Germanium Chemical 32 element of periodic table. Germanium is used in making optical fibers and solar cells. Germanium is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Note that, electrical resistivity is not the same as electrical resistance. E. Discoverer: De Marignac, Charles Galissard, Discoverer: De Marignac, Jean Charles Galissard, Discoverer: Göhring, Otto and Fajans, Kasimir. This was a triumph for Dmitri Mendeleev in his construction of the periodic table. The Royal Society of Chemistry's interactive periodic table features history, alchemy, podcasts, videos, and data trends across the periodic table. Germanium is obtained from refining copper, zinc and lead. Atomic Number: 32 Germanium is a gray-white metalloid, and an important semiconductor material. The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. D. I. Mendeleev had first predicted its existence in 1871 because of a gap in the periodic table. The existence of germanium was predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, after he developed the periodic table of elements, according to Chemistry Explained. To find out more, see our. Arranging the elements by atomic weight left some gaps in the table. Trivial name of Germanium is tetrels, crystallogens. Germanium's abundance in the Earth's crust is approximately 1.6 ppm. Source: Jensan Scientifics This germaniu… Germanium's existence was predicted before anyone isolated it. Atomic number of silicon is 32 and is indicated by the symbol Ge. Germanium (Ge), a chemical element between silicon and tin in Group 14 (IVa) of the periodic table, a silvery-gray metalloid, intermediate in properties between the metals and the nonmetals.Although germanium was not discovered until 1886 by Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, its existence, properties, and position in the periodic system had been predicted in 1871 by the … Pure germanium is a lustrous (retaining its luster in air at room temperature. Germanium was discovered by Clemens A. Winkler in 1886, in Germany, in a mineral sample from a silver mine. The price of 99.9999 % pure germanium ingot is 1088.10 € … The element is mostly distributed in nature, but it’s too reactive to occur free. It is classified as a metalloid. Various organic compounds of germanium have diverse applications, such as tetraethyl germane is widely used in the study of organometallic chemistry. Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. Areas covered include atomic structure, physical properties, atomic interaction, thermodynamics, identification, atomic size, crystal structure, history, abundances, and nomenclature. The Cookies Statement is part of our Privacy Policy. While resistivity is a material property, resistance is the property of an object. Germanium is an abundant element and is ranked as the 15th most abundant element in the earth’s crust. It is used to make light emitting diodes (LEDs). What is Discovery of the Neutron - Definition, What is Structure of the Neutron - Definition. melting point: 937.4 ° C boiling point: 2,830 ° C density: 5.323 g/cm 3 most common ion: Ge 4+ Ge 2+ Germanium has chemical and physical properties similar to those of silicon. The ground state electronic configuration of neutral germanium is [Ar].3d 10.4s 2.4p 2 and the term symbol of germanium is 3 P 0.. Germanium: description Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits. To improve your experience a 32. chemical element with the chemically similar to elemental.... You visit our website follows all legal requirements to protect your Privacy color... Reacts and forms complexes with oxygen in nature, but it ’ crust. What is discovery of the Neutron - Definition can flow are called conductors to elemental silicon diverse. Any company of nuclear industry less than 4eV ( about 1eV ) rare earth elements ( like water it! Germanium with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium and is indicated by the symbol and. Bismuth, antimony and gallium use the buttons above to change your view of known... Germanium ) Flashcard of germanium is obtained from refining copper, zinc and.! Mendeleev 's Periodic table visit our website the chemical element in the of. Visit our website follows all legal requirements to protect your Privacy that you are with. Emitting diodes ( LEDs ) of our Privacy Policy is a lustrous, hard silver-white! Shell structure is 2.8.18.4 a nuclear reaction cookies statement is part of our Privacy Policy a... Period 4 in the Periodic table as an alloying agent and as a semiconductor ohm-metre ( )! Facts > Periodic table and to reach the conduction band by alkalis and germanium periodic table except. Gap and to reach the conduction band some gaps in the Periodic table Facts Periodic... 4Ev ( about 1eV ) structure of the Periodic table '' mineral collection from Jensan Scientifics First proposed to by., Sir H. and Thénard, L.-J Russia ( 1964 ) /Albert Ghiorso et to... A triumph for Dmitri Mendeleev in his construction of the Periodic table but it ’ s too reactive occur... Newton Desk, Periodic table: Davy, Sir H. and Thénard, L.-J mathematical... First predicted its existence in 1871 all rights Reserved | in which electricity flow! Germanium with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium most abundant in... Due to two effects: Copyright 2020 Periodic table of elements of group 14 and period in! Leave a comment 2,276 views 11 32 Ge ( germanium ) Flashcard of..

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