It was built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and incorporated a set of 48 filters isolating spectral lines of particular astrophysical interest. The MATs (Multiple Access Transponder) components, MAT-1 and MAT-2, utilize Hughes Aircraft CDP1802CD microprocessors. The proposal was accepted by Congress, which granted the Large Space Telescope program funding in 1977. [198] The Wide Field Channel (WFC) was returned to service by STS-125 in May 2009 but the High Resolution Channel (HRC) remains offline. [32], Construction of the Perkin-Elmer mirror began in 1979, starting with a blank manufactured by Corning from their ultra-low expansion glass. [39], The two initial, primary computers on the HST were the 1.25 MHz DF-224 system, built by Rockwell Autonetics, which contained three redundant CPUs, and two redundant NSSC-1 (NASA Standard Spacecraft Computer, Model 1) systems, developed by Westinghouse and GSFC using diode–transistor logic (DTL). These were projects that were both scientifically important and would require significant telescope time, which would be explicitly dedicated to each project. OAO-1's battery failed after three days, terminating the mission. [207] John Grunsfeld in 2020 said that SpaceX Crew Dragon or Orion could perform another repair mission within ten years. The U.S. Congress questioned many aspects of the proposed budget for the telescope and forced cuts in the budget for the planning stages, which at the time consisted of very detailed studies of potential instruments and hardware for the telescope. On a cold morning, the Space Shuttle, When shuttle flights resumed in 1988, Hubble was finally launched aboard. Several initiatives have helped to keep the public informed about Hubble activities. If Hubble were to descend in a completely uncontrolled re-entry, parts of the main mirror and its support structure would probably survive, leaving the potential for damage or even human fatalities. Instruments and limited life items were designed as orbital replacement units. [69], Many feared that Hubble would be abandoned. This is no longer possible since the Space Shuttle fleet has been retired, and would have been unlikely in any case due to the cost of the mission and risk to the crew. [26] On the long wavelength end, the OTA was not designed with optimum IR performance in mind—for example, the mirrors are kept at stable (and warm, about 15 °C) temperatures by heaters. The Space Telescope-European Coordinating Facility begins its operation in Garching at Munich, Germany. [58], From its original total cost estimate of about US$400 million, the telescope cost about US$4.7 billion by the time of its launch. [149], On December 11, 2015, Hubble captured an image of the first-ever predicted reappearance of a supernova, dubbed "Refsdal", which was calculated using different mass models of a galaxy cluster whose gravity is warping the supernova's light. The gyroscopes are part of the Pointing Control System, which uses five types of sensors (magnetic sensors, optical sensors, and the gyroscopes) and two types of actuators (reaction wheels and magnetic torquers). [47] Also optimized for ultraviolet observations were the FOC and FOS, which were capable of the highest spatial resolution of any instruments on Hubble. The Wide Field Camera 3 improved the view of these fields in the infrared and ultraviolet, supporting the discovery of some of the most distant objects yet discovered, such as MACS0647-JD. Color images are created by combining separate monochrome images taken through different filters. A replica of the Hubble Space Telescope is on the courthouse lawn in Marshfield, Missouri, the hometown of namesake Edwin P. Hubble. Hubble is able to measure the elements on the atmosphere of the exoplanet HD 209458b. The legacy of the Hubble programs on black holes in galaxies is thus to demonstrate a deep connection between galaxies and their central black holes. Bill Dunford, A 3D model of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Credit: NASA Visualization Technology Applications and Development (VTAD). [17], The continuing success of the OAO program encouraged increasingly strong consensus within the astronomical community that the LST should be a major goal.
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