The tragedy spawned a number of wild conspiracy theories to explain the disaster. Ustinov wrote that the entire exercise had been "poorly organized" and that the probe had revealed "serious violations by both Northern Fleet chiefs and the Kursk crew. Attempts to recover further bodies were postponed yesterday because stormy weather made the operation too dangerous. [12], At 11:31:48,[11] two minutes and 14 seconds after the first, a second event, measuring 4.2 on the Richter scale, or 250 times larger than the first,[10] was registered on seismographs across northern Europe[13] and was detected as far away as Alaska. The Oscars needed to be fast to intercept American nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, and that meant they too needed nuclear propulsion. [10] The initial blast set off a fire that was later estimated to have burned at 2,700 °C (4,890 °F). [16]:34, While the official government commission blamed the explosion on a faulty weld in the practice torpedo, Vice-Admiral Valery Ryazantsev cited inadequate training, poor maintenance, and incomplete inspections that caused the crew to mishandle the weapon. [2]:155[55], During the meeting, Nadezhda Tylik, the mother of Kursk submariner Lt. Sergei Tylik, was extremely emotional and interrupted the meeting. [42] On 22 August, President Putin issued an executive order declaring 23 August a day of mourning. [12], Russian Navy officials imposed specific constraints that restricted the Norwegian divers to work on the stern of the boat, specifically the escape hatch over compartment nine and an air control valve connected to the rescue trunk. They reported the sounds to Pyotr Velikiy. Divers used an instrument that sprays pressurised water mixed with diamond dust to cut the Kursk's two-inch thick inner steel hull. ", "Russia Publishes "Kursk" Sailor's Death Note", "A note scribbled in the dark that proves 23 of these men survived the explosion on the 'Kursk, "Report: Note found on Kursk points to torpedo", "Marks 12 Years Since Submarine K-141 Kursk Tragedy, Captain Kolesnikov Letter", "Russian Sub's Officer Wrote of Torpedo Blast, Izvestia Says", "Kursk Submarine Tragedy: Too Many Questions Left Ten Years After", Russia's Kursk Disaster: Reactions and Implications, "Следствие надеется найти "черный ящик" АПЛ "Курск, "Russian Leader Expands Powers of a Possible Successor", "Russian Federation Navy Fully Integrated in Nato Submarine Rescue Exercise Bold Monarch", "Defense Dossier: Drowning Reality of Kursk", "Russia Marks 10th Anniversary Of 'Kursk' Disaster", "Kursk Submarine Disaster: Remembering the Calamity 17 Years Later", "Explosions In The Sky on The Wilderness and not being the band it used to be", "Matthias Schoenaerts talks about his next projects at ELLE Style Awards 2016", "Matthias Schoenaerts werkt opnieuw samen met Thomas Vinterberg", "Matthias Schoenaerts Starring in Submarine Disaster Movie 'Kursk, The Tragedy of the Kursk: Crisis Management in Putin's Russia, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 2000, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kursk_submarine_disaster&oldid=982974754, Non-combat internal explosions on warships, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Loss of the boat, crew, headquarters personnel. [75], Maintenance records revealed that the 65–76 "Kit" practice torpedo carried by Kursk came from a batch of ten manufactured in 1990, six of which were rejected due to faulty welding. The cruise-missile submarine Kursk suffered a massive explosion and sank after an onboard torpedo accidentally detonated. In pitch-black darkness sometime after the explosions which sent the Kursk to the bottom of the ocean, Lieutenant-Captain Dmitri Kolesnikov realised that he was not going to survive. Who are you going to punish for their deaths, and how? The AS-32 returned to the surface at 01:00 on Monday morning, 14 August. Some were unable to confirm whether their family members were among the crew on board the boat. Now I see that there was a reason for this pain.". The cruise-missile submarine Kursk suffered a massive explosion and sank after an onboard torpedo accidentally detonated. As the base was very small, news spread quickly. Journalist Andrey Kolesnikov, who had been present at Putin's meeting with the families, described his experience in a 2015 documentary titled President. The Kursk accident is widely regarded as one of the biggest national tragedies during Vladimir Putin's time as Russian president. It repeatedly lowered the rescue vessel 110 metres (360 ft) to the submarine but it was unable to latch onto an escape hatch. The Guardian wrote in a 2002 review of two books, Kursk, Russia's Lost Pride and A Time to Die: The Kursk Disaster: The hopelessly flawed rescue attempt, hampered by badly designed and decrepit equipment, illustrated the fatal decline of Russia's military power. While technically possible (in absence of the evidence of an internal torpedo explosion) there is no remotely plausible motive for such an attack during a period of good U.S.-Russian relations. The reactors were additionally encased in 13 centimetres (5.1 in) of steel and resiliently mounted to absorb shocks in excess of 50g. Once there, two giant, custom-manufactured pontoons were floated under Giant 4 to lift the barge 20 metres (66 ft) to allow it to enter a floating dry dock with Kursk attached underneath. Most of the information was judged too personal - and possibly too politically sensitive - for public consumption. As he waited to die, he wrote a careful account of what had happened in the submarine, apparently for the benefit of naval officials. All 118 sailors on board perished. [67], It was known that the electrical connectors between the torpedoes and the internal tube door were unreliable and often required the torpedo crews to open and re-close the door to clean the connection before an electrical contact could be established. [37] The Russian divers removed secret documents and eventually recovered a total of 12 bodies from the ninth compartment. Kursk was an Oscar-class submarine, twice the length of a 747 jumbo jet, and one of the largest submarines in the Russian Navy. Teslenko's primary rescue ship was a 20-year-old former lumber carrier, Mikhail Rudnitsky, which had been converted to support submersible rescue operations. [2][72] They decided to destroy what was left of the bow where it lay[72] and blew up the remnants in September 2002.[87]. [46], The director of the Gidropribor Research Institute [ru] that designed the torpedo, Stanislav Proshkin, challenged the conclusion of the government's official report. [32], Fragments of both the outer and inner hulls were found nearby, including a piece of Kursk's nose weighing 5 tonnes (4.9 long tons; 5.5 short tons), indicating a large explosion in the forward torpedo room. "[55], On the same day as Putin's broadcast, Deputy Prime Minister Valentina Matviyenko, head of a special commission, announced that the families of the Kursk sailors would receive not only 10 years' salary, but free housing in the Russian city of their choice, free college education for their children, and free counselling. [51], The Russian media strongly criticised the government's response to and handling of the sinking. Many who desired a continuance of negative relations between Russia and the West supported this scenario.[16]. [43][67] A memorial was erected in Serafimovskoe Cemetery in St. Petersburg, where 32 of the sailors were buried. The Soviet Union’s greatest adversaries at sea were the aircraft carriers of the U.S. Navy. The two nuclear reactors were defuelled and the ship was cut up for scrap. At 18:30, at a depth of 100 metres (330 ft) and at a speed of 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph), the AS-34 reported colliding with an object, and through a porthole the crew saw the Kursk's propeller and stern stabiliser. It was not clear why the men were unable to put on diving costumes and leave through the escape hatch. They're lying. [16] Senior commanders of the Russian Navy repeated this false account for more than two years after the disaster. As it became clear that the Russian rescue attempts were going to fail, the navy took the line that all 118 crew died "within minutes", after several explosions ripped through the Kursk. The ship was designed to carry huge loads on its deck, but Kursk would ride beneath the ship. © 2020 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. Once in the dry dock, the pontoons were pumped full of more air, lifting Giant 4 and allowing crews to remove the lifting cables and detach Kursk. [24] The rescue teams conducted ongoing measurements of radiation levels inside and outside the submarine, but none of the readings exceeded normal ranges. [36], The divers tried to use the arms of the ROV to open the hatch but were unsuccessful until the morning of Monday, 21 August; they found the rescue trunk full of water. [18] Tylik said that her son had told her six days before the disaster that the submarine had "'death onboard', but he did not explain what he meant." [7] The bow had ploughed about 22 metres (72 ft) deep into the clay seabed, at a depth of 108 metres (354 ft). Although the sub was at periscope depth with her radio antennas extended, no one in the command post was able to send a distress signal or press a single button that would initiate an emergency ballast tank blow and bring the submarine to the surface. No spare batteries were available, so the crew was forced to wait while the batteries were recharged. The official investigation concluded that, as the crew of Kursk was preparing to load a dummy 65–76 "Kit" torpedo, a faulty weld in its casing leaked high-test peroxide (HTP), causing the torpedo's kerosene fuel to explode. [10], Analysis revealed that when the 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) of concentrated high-test peroxide and 500 kilograms (1,100 lb) of kerosene exploded, the internal torpedo tube cover and the external tube door were blown off, opening the torpedo room to the sea. Ryazantsev believed that due to their inexperience and lack of training, compounded by incomplete inspections and oversight, and because Kursk's crew followed faulty instructions when loading the practice torpedo, they set off a chain of events that led to the explosion. [30][104] Kolesnikov's abdomen was burned by acid, exposing the internal organs, and the flesh on his head and neck were removed by the chemical explosion. [12] The Norwegian deep-sea divers protested against the restrictions, which they believed impeded their rescue operations. [10] Three crewmen's bodies were completely destroyed by the blast and fire and nothing of their remains could be identified or recovered. [27], The Russian government convened a commission, chaired by vice-premier Ilya Klebanov, on 14 August, two days after Kursk sank. [1], The fifth compartment contained the nuclear reactors and equipment that automatically recorded the operating activity of the boat. It's dark here to write, but I'll try by feel. Streets of Paris deserted as 9pm curfew kicks in. [48], But geophysicists who analysed the seismic signals concluded and reported in February 2001 that the initial sound recorded was triggered by an explosion and not a collision with another vessel. The explosion blew off both the inner and outer tube doors, ignited a fire, destroyed the bulkhead between the first and second compartments, damaged the control room in the second compartment, and incapacitated or killed the control room crew. Finally, the rush to conspiracy is a warning that, had this incident occurred during a genuine crisis, such an accident could cause a dangerous escalation that could lead to war. Like many torpedoes, the Type 65 used hydrogen peroxide as an underwater fuel.
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