Speculation is just gaining or losing by way of forecasting. In the school, attendance of the students are recorded in a register regularly. Individual, single or unconnected figures are not statistics because they cannot be studied in relation to each other. Due to this reason, only aggregate of facts e.g., data relating to I.Q. of knowledge into its original principles. If a teacher has an elementary knowledge of statistical measures and its uses, certainly he will improve his effectiveness in teaching and thus statistics shall be a great help to him in his mission. Statistics systematizes the efforts of a researcher and leads him towards the goal. In all such cases, we are dealing with characteristics that vary or fluctuate in a rather unpredictable way. Every subsequent child is taller than the previous one, and so on. 6. To keep alive his research interests and research activities, the researcher is required to lean upon his knowledge and skills in statistical methods. ii. Report a Violation, Estimating Validity of a Test: 5 Methods | Statistics, Statistics: Meaning, Functions and Limitations, Science Fair Project on Bridges | Engineering. We wish to envisage the behaviour of a man who, like all men. A detailed account of the administrative and statistical surveys conducted during Akbar’s reign is available in the book “Ain-e- Akbari” written by Abul Fazl (in 1596-97), one of the nine gems of Akbar. If those assumptions are true of the particular data with which we have to deal, the statistics may be appropriately applied. These devices help to simplify the complex data and make it possible for a common man to understand it without much difficulty. Consider the marks obtained by 3 students, which are 30, 20 and 40 respectively. It helps the professional psychologist, whether a counsellor, a guidance worker or a clinical psychologist, in doing his work efficiently, since in the course of his work he has to administer tests, interprete test scores and maintain a record of a number of cases (which constitute data requiring statistical analysis for proper interpretation). Students of psychology and education cannot afford to remain ignorant of the scientific method of approach to problem-solving in their disciplines. examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately, as Besides Morbidity meaning The former is called qualitative, and the latter quantitative analysis. key. Copyright 10. To learn where to apply statistics and where not to: While all statistical devices can illuminate data, each has its limitations. The word Statistics seems to have been derived from the Latin word ‘status’ or the Italian word ‘statista’ or the German word ‘statistik’ or the French word ‘statistique’ each of which means a political state. They enable us to analyze some of the casual factors of complex and otherwise bewildering events. Administering a test of 50 marks to all students and awarding marks from 0 to 50, as per their performance. 7. Here the values are comparable in all respects. Data also refers to the known facts or things used as basis for inference or reckoning facts, information, material to be processed or stored. of soldiers of whole country. Perhaps, no. In the second situation, the students have been assigned their position numbers in queue from 1 to 30. But if we assign numerical expression, it maybe described as ‘statistics’. Definition of Analysis in the Online Tamil Dictionary. It helps in conducting research investigations for which sample survey or experimental approach has to be used. It is in itself enough to show how important the science of statistics is. These observations are, attendance for class VI, VII, and so on. confidence, The complete-set of all possible elements or objects is called a population. Sixteen century saw the application of Statistics for the collection of the data relating to the movements of heavenly bodies—stars and planets—to know about their position and for the prediction of Eclipses. propositions which enter into an argument. Statistics makes the activities of a researcher definite and exact—both in his procedures and thinking. The description should be complete and accurate so that it can be useful to anyone who can understand it when he reads the symbols. can be anticipated with the help of statistics. If two students have heights of 120 cm. Morbidity Meaning The methods involve collecting, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting variable numerical data. Inadequately interpreted, they may represent something worse than wasted effort. Statistics enables us to summarize our results in meaningful and convenient form. As already mentioned, statistics is a body of methods to make wise decisions in the face of uncertainties. Erroneously understood, they are worse than useless. Disclaimer 9. which summarise certain important features of data. It has been used right from the existence of life on this earth, although the sphere of its utility was very much restricted. In the fourth situation, the exact physical values pertaining to the heights and weights of all students have been obtained. A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a If we can legitimately assign numbers in describing of objects and events, then the properties of numbers should be applicable to the objects and events. Now it has acquired a much wider meaning and is used for all types of data and methods for the analysis of the data. Mathematics and statistics are a part of the descriptive language, an outgrowth of our verbal symbols. Modern problems and needs are forcing statistical methods and ideas more and more to the fore. Gosset with his t-test ushered in an era of exact (small) sample tests. are available in Kautilya’s ‘Arthashastra’. The definition of Statistics as given by Horace Secrist is most comprehensive and clearly points out certain essential characteristics which must be possessed by numerical data, in order to be called ‘Statistics’. The purpose is to make the data simple, lucid and easy to be understood by a common man of mediocre intelligence. Morbidity in Cambridge dictionary, Wikipedia. (ii) in observation, selection, collection, organisation and analysis of facts and data of various nature. A score of 120 upon an intelligence examination, for example, represents the interval 119.5 up to 120.5. In this sense it is nearly synonymous with synopsis. Content Filtrations 6. Statistics is a branch of science which is concerned with the study of variables that vary in unpredictable fashion and helps in providing an understanding of the phenomena and objects which show such variations. 5. (iii) And interprete the various types of derived scores used in testing. The best part of statistics is that, ‘how does it help a teacher in meeting the instructional or teaching objectives in classroom situations?’ Thus, in the real sense, it is concerned with the organisation, analysis and interpretation of test scores and other numerical data. Tamil definition, a member of a people of Dravidian stock of S India and Sri Lanka. Plagiarism Prevention 4. Concepts 4. Each of the elements is called a piece of data. This shows how important and universal statistics is. After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. This scale refers to interval scale. In this category of definitions Statistics is in singular sense. In such inference, it is presumed that the generalisation cannot be made with certainty. cheerfulness, advantage, benefit, comfort, contentment, delight, cheer. If we record the minimum and maximum temperature, or rainfall, or the time of sunrise and sunset, or attendance of children, or the body temperature of the patient, over a period of time, what we are recording is known as data. (iv) In knowing the central tendency of a group, variations in its folds and norms of its structure or consolidation. In the words of Connor, “Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics which specialises in data.”. For example, deterioration of achievement score in academic sphere of some students may not be only due to lack of interest in school subjects, but may also due to lack of motivation, effective teaching methods, attitude of the students on school subjects, faulty scoring procedure, etc. King’s definition is also inadequate since it confines statistics only to social sciences. Inferential statistics provides us the tools of making inductive inference scientific and rigorous. This uncertainty in inference is dealt with by applying the theory of probability, which is the backbone of statistical inference. To achieve this end, the statistical data relating to production, consumption, birth, death, investment, income are of paramount importance. Similarly scores on memory test of a group certainly depend on meaningfulness of learning materials, maturation of the students, methods of learning, motivation, interest of the students, etc. They have to know some statistics in order to deal with examination data, test scores of students and quantitative data used for different types of evaluation. (vi) In deciding the procedures and techniques of a test preparation and its uses. The students have been labelled from 1 to 30 in order to give each an identity. The vocabulary consists of concepts that are symbolized by words and by letter symbols. Statistics and Economics are so intermixed with each other that it looks foolishness to separate them.
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