Some historical background to the Revolutions of 1848 Following on from the defeat of Napoleon which brought a French Revolutionary and Napoleonic period of turmoil which had lasted from 1789-1815 to a close, the conservatively inclined alliance of powers that had been ranged against him attempted to re-impose the sovereign powers of Monarchies and Empires. Foreign policy failures, economic crisis and social unrest intensified in the 1840s in France, the opposition to King Louis Philippe I. These revolutions arose from such a wide variety of causes that it is difficult to view them as resulting from a coherent movement or social phenomenon. They all ended in failure and repression and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals. Demonstrations expanded into a revolution, as a result of which the king abdicated and on February 24, 1848, the Republic was proclaimed. We have been beaten and humiliated ... scattered, imprisoned, disarmed and gagged. A major propaganda campaign for wider suffrage and political reform brought police action in February 1848, which in turn prompted a classic street History of Europe - History of Europe - The Revolutions of 1848: After adopting reforms in the 1830s and the early 1840s, Louis-Philippe of France rejected further change and thereby spurred new liberal agitation. Background to Revolution In European history, the year 1848 has become synonymous with bloodshed and revolution. A popular press extended political awareness, and new values and ideas such as popu… Technological change was revolutionizing the life of the working classes. Revolutions of 1848, series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. High unemployment combined with high prices sparked the liberal revolt. Numerous changes had been taking place in European society throughout the first half of the 19th century. While the reasons why the revolutions of 1848 failed differed from country to country, there are some common elements that doomed many of them. The subsequent events in February 1848 in France made Austria's Prince Clemens von Metternich's saying seem true: "When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold." The fate of European democracy has slipped from our hands.— Pierre-Joseph Proudhon In Dresden, the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, the people took to the streets asking King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony to engage in electoral reform, social justice and for a constitution.
Both liberal reformers and radical politicianswere reshaping national governments.
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